UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10‑K

(Mark One)

☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from   _________   to   ________

Commission file number 001‑38761

Legacy Housing Corporation

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (817)‑799‑4900

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Securites registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10‑K or any amendment to this Form 10‑K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common equity held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2018 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was zero. For purposes of the foregoing calculation only, all directors and the executive officers who were SEC reporting persons of the Registrant as of June 30, 2018 have been deemed affiliates.

As of March 27, 2019, the total number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s  common stock was 24,722,936 shares.

Documents Incorporated by Reference: None

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

PART I

ITEM 1.      BUSINESS.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”) contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are predictions based on expectations and projections about future events, and are not statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning business strategy, among other things, including anticipated trends and developments in and management plans for our business and the markets in which we operate. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words, such as “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “believe,” “forecast,” “foresee,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “goal,” “target,” “might,” “will,” "would," "can,"  “could,” “predict,” and “continue,” the negative or plural of these words and other comparable terminology. All forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K are based upon information available to us as of the filing date of this Form 10-K, and we undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements. These factors include the matters discussed under “Risk Factors” in our Registration Statement on Form S-1 and those described elsewhere in this Form 10-K and from time to time in future reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in this Form 10-K.

 

In this Form 10-K, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, “Legacy,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refers to Legacy Housing Corporation, a Delaware corporation.

Our Company

We build, sell and finance manufactured homes and “tiny houses” that are distributed through a network of independent retailers and company‑owned stores and also sold directly to manufactured home communities. The company was founded in 2005 as a Texas limited partnership named Legacy Housing, Ltd. Effective January 1, 2018, we converted into a Delaware corporation and changed our name to Legacy Housing Corporation. Our corporate office is located in Bedford, Texas (between Dallas and Fort Worth). We completed our initial public offering (the “IPO”) in December 2018 and our common stock trades on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “LEGH.” 

We are the fourth largest producer of manufactured homes in the United States as ranked by number of homes manufactured based on information available from the Manufactured Housing Institute and IBTS for the second quarter of 2018. With current operations focused primarily in the southern United States, we offer our customers an array of quality homes ranging in size from approximately 390 to 2,667 square feet consisting of 1 to 5 bedrooms, with 1 to 31/₂ bathrooms. Our homes range in price, at retail, from approximately $22,000 to $95,000. During 2018, we sold 3,950 home sections (which are entire modules or single floors) and in 2017 we sold 3,274 home sections. We commenced operations in 2005 and have experienced strong sales growth and increased our equity holders’ capital at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 28% between 2009 and 2018.  We have experienced steady growth since our inception.

Our homes address the significant need in the United States for affordable housing. This need for affordable housing is being driven by a nationwide trend of increasing rental rates for housing, higher prices for site‑built homes and decreasing percentages of home ownership among portions of the U.S. population. Our customers typically have annual household incomes of less than $60,000 and include young and working class families, as well as persons age 55 and older. In 2016, there were approximately 63,799,000 households in the United States with annual household incomes of less than $60,000, representing a majority of all U.S. households, according to the Current Population Survey and 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement published by the U.S. Census Bureau.

We believe our company is one of the most vertically integrated in the manufactured housing industry, allowing us to offer a complete solution to our customers, from manufacturing custom‑made homes using quality materials and distributing those homes through our expansive network of independent retailers and company‑owned distribution

locations, to providing tailored financing solutions for our customers. Our homes are constructed in the United States at one of our three manufacturing facilities in accordance with the construction and safety standards of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”). Our factories employ high‑volume production techniques that allow us to produce approximately 75 home sections, or approximately 62 fully‑completed homes on average depending on product mix, in total per week. We use quality materials and operate our own component manufacturing facilities for many of the items used in the construction of our homes. Each home can be configured according to a variety of floor plans and equipped with such features as fireplaces, central air conditioning and state‑of‑the‑art kitchens.

Our homes are marketed under our premier “Legacy” brand name and, as of December 31, 2018, are sold  to consumers, primarily across 15 states through a network of 114 independent retail locations, 12 company‑owned retail locations and through direct sales to owners of manufactured home communities. Our 12 company‑owned retail locations, including ten Heritage Housing stores and two Tiny House Outlet stores, exclusively sell our homes. During 2018, approximately 56%  of our manufactured homes were sold in Texas, followed by 13% in Georgia, 11% in Louisiana and 4% in Oklahoma. During 2017, approximately 62% of our manufactured homes were sold in Texas, followed by 8% in Georgia, 8% in Colorado, 5% in Oklahoma, and 4% in Louisiana. We plan to deepen our distribution channel by using a portion of the net proceeds from the IPO to expand our company‑owned retail locations in new and existing markets.

We offer three types of financing solutions to our customers. We provide floor plan financing for our independent retailers, which takes the form of a consignment arrangement between the retailer and us. We also provide consumer financing for our products which are sold to end‑users through both independent and company‑owned retail locations, and we provide financing solutions to manufactured housing community owners that buy our products for use in their housing communities. Our ability to offer competitive financing options at our retail locations provides us with several competitive advantages and allows us to capture sales that may not have otherwise occurred without the ability to offer consumer financing.

Corporate Conversion

Prior to January 1, 2018, we were a Texas limited partnership named Legacy Housing, Ltd. Effective January 1, 2018, we converted into a Delaware corporation pursuant to a statutory conversion, or the corporate conversion, and changed our name to Legacy Housing Corporation. All of our outstanding partnership interests were converted on a proportional basis into shares of common stock of Legacy Housing Corporation. The conversion qualified as a tax free transaction under Section 351 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Following the corporate conversion, Legacy Housing Corporation continues to hold all of the property and assets of Legacy Housing, Ltd. and all of the debts and obligations of Legacy Housing, Ltd. continue as the debts and obligations of Legacy Housing Corporation. The purpose of the corporate conversion was to reorganize our corporate structure so that the top‑tier entity in our corporate structure, the entity that offered common stock to the public in the IPO,  was a corporation rather than a limited partnership. Except as otherwise noted, the financial statements included in this Form 10-K are those of Legacy Housing Corporation.

Our Market Opportunity

Manufactured housing is a competitive alternative to other forms of affordable housing, whether new or existing, or located in urban, suburban or rural areas. We believe the target universe of manufactured home buyers consists of households with total annual income below $60,000 which comprised a majority of total U.S. households in 2016. We believe our target U.S. age groups consist of young families between the ages of 20‑39 and persons age 50 and older. These age groups have grown significantly since 2007. The comparatively low all‑in cost of fully‑equipped manufactured housing is attractive to our target consumers. The chart below highlights the increasing all‑in average sales price per square foot difference between a new manufactured home and a new site‑built home (excluding land).

Average Price per Square Foot Comparison

Source:  U.S. Census Bureau, the Institute for Building Technology and Safety, and the Manufactured Housing Institute.

Population Growth from 2007 to 2017

Source:  U.S. Census Bureau.

Manufactured homes are an attractive alternative for consumers as new single‑family home prices continue to rise at a rapid rate. As shown in the chart below, the average sale price for new single‑family homes (including the land

on which they were built) increased approximately 42% since 2009 while the annual average sale price of manufactured homes increased 14% during that time period.

Average Sale Price Comparison

Source:  U.S. Census Bureau, the Institute for Building Technology and Safety, and the Manufactured Housing Institute.

Additionally, innovative engineering and design, as well as efficient production techniques, including the advent and development of the “tiny house” market, continue to position manufactured homes as a viable housing alternative. Demand for high‑quality affordable housing below $150,000 has also been driven by increasing rental rates

for housing, higher prices for site‑built homes, decreasing percentages of home ownership among portions of the U.S. population and stagnant U.S. wage growth.

Percentage of New Houses Sold Under $150,000

Source:  U.S. Census Bureau.

In 2017, the manufactured housing industry shipped 92,891 manufactured homes according to data published by the U.S. Census Bureau, the Institute for Building Technology and Safety (“IBTS”) and the Manufactured Housing Institute (“MHI”). Total annualized manufactured home shipments during the first half of 2018 increased to

approximately 102,000, which remains well below the average annual shipments totaling approximately 350,000 between 1994 and 1999.

Manufactured Home Shipments vs. Total Completed Housing

Source:  U.S. Census Bureau, the Institute for Building Technology and Safety, and the Manufactured Housing Institute.

Our Competitive Advantages

We offer a complete solution for affordable manufactured housing. We believe that we differentiate ourselves from our competition and have been able to grow our business as a result of the following key competitive strengths:

Our Growth Strategy

We have a strong operating history of investing in successful growth initiatives over the past 13 years. We believe that the solution we are able to provide for our customers, as a result of the vertical integration of our company, enhances our brand recognition as a leading producer, results in higher and more efficient utilization of our manufacturing factories and expands our direct‑to‑consumer outreach on the competitive advantages of our wide variety of customizable homes. This operational focus has provided us with sustainable net sales and net income growth over the years. Our growth strategy includes the following key initiatives:

We have experienced substantial year‑over‑year growth in the equity holders’ value of our company, as illustrated from 2009 to 2018 below. We believe our future business growth will be facilitated by the fact that we have already established our company as one of the nation’s leading providers of manufactured homes.

Equity Holders’ Capital—End of Years 2009 - 2018

Our Products

Overview.  We are the fourth largest producer of manufactured homes in the United States as ranked by the number of homes manufactured based on information available from the Manufactured Housing Institute and IBTS for the second quarter of 2018. We produce a wide variety of homes that can be used by our customers in a number of ways. We build a variety of sizes and floor plans of residential homes and tiny houses. We work collaboratively with our partners to meet diverse housing needs, such as residences on privately‑owned land and in manufactured home communities, recreational and vacation properties, such as hunting cabins, and accommodations for workforces in oilfields and other industries.

Manufacturing and Quality Design.  We utilize local market research to design homes that meet the specific requirements of our customers and our homes are designed after extensive field research and consumer feedback. We

frequently introduce new floor plans, decor, exterior design, features and accessories to appeal to changing consumer trends and we offer an assortment of customizations to match each customer’s individual tastes. Each home typically contains a living room, dining area, kitchen, 1 to 5 bedrooms and 1 to 31/₂ bathrooms, and each home can be customized to include certain features including, among others, fireplaces, central air conditioning, overhead heat ducts, stipple‑textured ceilings, decorative wood grain vinyl floors, wood cabinetry and energy conservation elements.

The manufactured homes we build are constructed in accordance with the construction and safety standards of HUD. Our Texas factories are certified to build homes according to the Texas Industrialized Housing and Buildings law (known as the Texas Modular Code) and our Georgia factory is certified to build homes according to Georgia state construction codes. In addition to traditional manufactured homes, we offer a diverse assortment of tiny houses, which are recreational structures between 320 and 400 square feet in size that are used as temporary dwellings, can be pulled by a pick‑up truck and are generally aesthetically similar to larger homes. Our tiny houses are built in a variety of models and floor plans and typically range from 1 to 3 bedrooms with 1 to 2 bathrooms. Tiny houses do not need to be built to HUD standards.

Manufacturing Process.  Our manufactured homes are entirely constructed and equipped at our three factories. Our homes are constructed using high‑volume production techniques and employ approximately 150 to 275 employees at each facility. Most of our homes are constructed in one or more sections (or floors) on a steel chassis. Each section is assembled in stages beginning with the construction of the chassis, followed by the addition of other constructed and purchased components and ending with a final quality control inspection. The efficiency of the production process and the benefits of constructing homes in a controlled factory environment enable us to produce homes in less time and at a lower cost per‑square‑foot than traditional home building. The finished home is then transported directly to a customer at a retail sales center, work site or manufactured home community. During the years ended December 31,  2018 and 2017, we sold 3,950 and 3,274 home sections, including 245 and 366 tiny houses, respectively.

Manufacturing Facilities.  We currently operate three manufacturing facilities located in Fort Worth, Texas, Commerce, Texas and Eatonton, Georgia, each of which range in size from approximately 97,000 to 388,000 square feet. The production schedules for our manufacturing facilities are based on wholesale orders received from distributors, which fluctuate from week to week. In general, our facilities are structured to operate on one 8‑ to 9‑hour shift per day, five days per week. We currently manufacture a typical home in approximately three to six production days.  For the year ended December 31, 2018, we produced, on average, approximately 75 home sections per week, or 62 fully‑completed homes, compared to approximately 70 home sections per week, or 58 fully‑completed homes depending on product mix, for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Raw Materials and Suppliers.  The principal materials used in the production of our manufactured homes include wood, wood products, steel, aluminum, gypsum wallboard, windows, doors, fiberglass insulation, carpet, vinyl, fasteners, plumbing materials, appliances and electrical items. We currently buy these materials from various third‑party manufacturers and distributors. We procure multiple sources of supplies for all key materials in order to mitigate any supply chain risk. We intend to continue seeking greater direct sourcing of materials from original manufacturers. This will allow us to save costs, gain greater control over the quality of the materials we use in our products and increase customization to meet our customers’ changing preferences. The inability to obtain any materials used in the production of our homes, whether resulting from material shortages, limitation of supplier facilities or other events affecting production of component parts, may affect our ability to meet or maintain production requirements. We have not previously experienced any material difficulty in obtaining key materials in adequate quantity or quality.

Warranties.  We provide the retail home buyer with a one‑year limited warranty from the date of purchase covering defects in material or workmanship in home structure, plumbing and electrical systems. Our warranty does not extend to installation and setup of the home, which is generally arranged by the retailer. Appliances, carpeting, roofing and similar items are warranted by their original manufacturer for various lengths of time. At this time, we do not provide any warranties with respect to tiny houses.

Backlog.  As of December 31, 2018, we had a backlog of orders of approximately 416 home sections totaling $13.3 million. Our backlog figure is calculated based on purchase orders received from retailers; however, retailers may cancel purchase orders prior to production without penalty. After production of a particular home has commenced, the

purchase order becomes non‑cancelable and the retailer is obligated to take delivery of the home. Accordingly, until production of a particular home has commenced, our order backlog should not necessarily be construed as representing firm orders or as net sales until actually earned. Therefore, management does not view backlog as a key performance indicator and this information is primarily tracked by management for internal review purposes.

Distribution

As of December 31, 2018, we distribute our manufactured homes primarily across 15 states through a network of 114 independent retail locations, 12 company‑owned retail locations and direct sales to owners of manufactured home communities. As is common in the industry, our independent distributors typically sell manufactured homes produced by other manufacturers in addition to our manufactured homes. Additionally, some independent retailers operate multiple sales outlets. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, no independent retailer accounted for 10% or more of our manufacturing sales.

Below is a list of the states in which we sold most of our manufactured homes and the approximate percentage of those sales to our total product sales:

 

In 2018 and 2017, we also sold homes in Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, New Mexico, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin and West Virginia. We continually seek to increase our wholesale shipments by growing sales at our existing independent retailers and by finding new independent retailers to sell our homes. We provide comprehensive sales training to retail sales associates and bring them to our manufacturing facilities for product training and to view new product designs as they are developed. These training seminars facilitate the sale of our homes by increasing the skill and knowledge of the retail sales consultants. Additionally, we display our products at trade shows and support our retailers through the distribution of floor plan literature, brochures, decor selection displays and point of sale promotional material, as well as internet‑based marketing assistance. We believe we have the most comprehensive printed catalog of manufactured housing products in the industry.

Our independent retailers generally either pay cash to purchase inventory or finance their inventory needs through our consignment arrangements. Certain of our independent retailers finance a portion of their inventory through wholesale floor plan financing arrangements with third parties. In such cases, we verify the order with the third party, then manufacture the home and ship it to the retailer. Payment is due from the third‑party lender upon shipment of the product to the retailer and, depending on the terms of each arrangement, we may or may not have limited repurchase obligations associated with this inventory. The maximum amount of our contingent obligations under such repurchase agreements was approximately $2,186,000 and $1,765,000 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, without reduction for the resale value of the homes.

Approximately 67% of our 2018 product sales were attributable to our independent retail distributors, 9% to our company‑owned retail locations and 24% to direct sales to owners of manufactured housing communities. Approximately 73% of our 2017 product sales were attributable to our independent retail distributors, 6% to our company‑owned retail locations and 21% directly to owners of manufactured housing communities.

In addition to our expansive independent retailer channel, we have attractive growth opportunities to expand our company‑owned locations. As of December 31, 2018, we operate 12 company‑owned retail locations. Our company‑owned locations allow us to improve the customer experience through all steps of the buying process, from manufacturing and design to sales, financing and customer service. This also gives us a direct window into consumer preferences and lending opportunities. We believe that our company‑owned stores will, on average, be more productive than our independent retail locations and carry higher gross margins.

Sales and Marketing

Our corporate marketing efforts focus on increasing our brand awareness and communicating our commitment to quality along with the many other competitive advantages our company offers. Our marketing strategy is to offer several lines of manufactured homes that appeal to a wide range of home buyers, continually elevate awareness of our brand and generate demand for our products. We rely on a number of channels in this area, including digital advertising, email marketing, social media and affiliate marketing, as well as through various strategic partnerships. We maintain our website at www.legacyhousingcorp.com. We intend to hire additional sales and marketing personnel and increase our spending on sales, marketing and promotion in connection with the continued development of our company‑owned retail locations.

Our sales and marketing strategy focuses on households with annual incomes of less than $60,000 which includes young families, working class families and persons age 50 and older. We also market to other types of customers, including owners of manufactured home communities, buyers interested in tiny houses, recreational buyers and houses for workforces or man‑camp housing. Additionally, we continue to be well‑positioned to react to any increase in demand for affordable, quickly‑delivered manufactured homes as a result of unforeseen harsh weather conditions and similar events. All of our customers are located in the United States. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of our net sales.

Financing Solutions for Our Customers

We offer three types of financing solutions:

 

Overview of Consumer and MHP Financing Options as of December 31, 2018

($ in thousands)

 

We also offer inventory floor plan financing to retailers that takes the form of a consignment arrangement. As of December 31, 2018, we had $28,373,000 of inventory under consignment to our retailers.

Three Types of Financing.  Offering financing solutions to our dealers and customers generally improves our responsiveness to the needs of prospective purchasers while also providing us with opportunities for loan origination and servicing revenues, which acts as an additional driver of net income for us.

Floor Plan Financing.  We provide floor plan or wholesale financing for most of our independent retailers for products we manufacture and for pre‑owned products. This wholesale financing is a consignment from us to our independent retailers. The retailers pay their own freight and pay us a monthly fee ranging from 0.5% to 1.4% per month of the wholesale invoice amount of the home. They are also obligated to pay $1,000 toward the invoice amount each year after the consignment with the first $1,000 reduction due one year following consignment. During 2018, we collected $98,000 from the independent retailers. Upon sale, the independent retailer is obligated to pay us the invoice amount, less any prepaid reductions, prior to moving the home away from their retail location. If they provide certain documentation to us, we allow them to move the home to their customer’s location and we notify the customer’s lending source to pay us the amount due upon funding of the loan. We have proprietary technology that we install in each consigned home that gives us the ability to determine if any consigned home has been moved from the retail location without permission. The independent dealer is free to terminate the consignment agreement by giving us 90‑days’ advance notice if it is current on all its obligations to us. Our wholesale consignment contracts allow us to defer income recognition until we are paid in full. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded consignment sales  of $50,133,000 and $46,986,000, respectively. Consignment sales are recorded when a house under one of our consignment agreements is sold to the end consumer. 

Certain of our wholesale factory‑built housing sales to independent retailers are purchased through wholesale floor plan financing arrangements. Under a typical floor plan financing arrangement, an independent financial institution specializing in this line of business provides the retailer with a loan for the purchase price of the home and maintains a security interest in the home as collateral. The financial institution customarily requires us, as the manufacturer of the home, to enter into a separate repurchase agreement with the financial institution under which we are obligated, upon default by the retailer and under certain other circumstances, to repurchase the financed home at declining prices over the term of the repurchase agreement (which is typically 24 months). The price at which we may be obligated to repurchase a home under these agreements is based upon the amount financed, plus certain administrative and shipping expenses. Our obligation under these repurchase agreements ceases upon the purchase of the home by the retail customer. The maximum amount of contingent obligations under our repurchase agreements (without reduction for the resale value of the homes) as of December 31, 2018 was $2,186,000. The risk of loss under these agreements is spread over many retailers and is further reduced by the resale value of the homes. We carry no reserve for this contingent liability.

Consumer Financing.  Sales of factory‑built homes are significantly affected by the availability and cost of consumer financing. There are three basic types of consumer financing in the factory‑built housing industry: (i) chattel or personal property loans, for purchasers of a home without any underlying land involved (generally HUD code homes), (ii) non‑conforming mortgages for purchasers of a home and the land on which the home is placed, and (iii) conforming mortgage loans which comply with the requirements of the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), Veterans Affairs or GSE loans. At the present time, we currently offer only chattel loans. As our own network of company‑owned retail centers becomes a larger share of our production, we will be able to couple our consumer‑financing solutions with increased levels of anticipated sales from our own centers.

We provide retail consumer financing to consumers who purchase our full‑size manufactured homes and tiny houses and dealer incentive arrangements to encourage independent retailers to use our financing product. Under these arrangements, once a customer executes a home purchase agreement with Legacy financing, we pay to the retailer 80% of the retailer’s gross margin through these consignment arrangements and we retain 20% of the retail gross margins in the consignment portfolio. We transfer the consigned value of the home to the consignment portfolio as our contribution to the consignment arrangement. The retailer is obligated to remarket any repossessions associated with consignment transactions, and obtain 90% of the outstanding balance on the home at the time of repossession. We charge each dealer in the consignment arrangement fees for servicing the loans and receive a preferred return of 10% to 12% per annum for amounts we invest. Upon payback of our contribution, fees and preferred returns, we split the remaining balance with the independent retailer according to a negotiated formula which is accounted for as the dealer incentive liability. As of December 31, 2018, we owned 2,868 retail consumer loans with an average principal balance of $35,000. Our average

remaining term on these loans as of December 31, 2018 was 137 months and the average percentage rate (APR) of interest was 14%. Our average loan‑to‑value (“LTV”) at the time of loan origination, which is based on the gross sales price to the borrower, was 82% for the consumer financing portfolio as of December 31, 2018. We have not financed, and have no current plans to finance, new homes manufactured by our competitors in the ordinary course of our business.

All loan applications go through an underwriting process conducted at our corporate headquarters to evaluate credit risk that takes into account numerous factors including the down payment, FICO score, monthly income, and total housing payment coverage of the borrower. The interest rates on approved loans are determined by a buyer’s credit score and down payment amount. We use payment history to monitor the credit quality of the consumer loans on an ongoing basis.

Manufactured Housing Community Financing.  We provide financing to owners of manufactured housing communities for our products that they buy in order to rent to their residents. These loans generally have a ten‑year term and bear interest at the prime rate plus 4%, with a floor and a ceiling. Down payments, delivery expenses and installation expenses are negotiated on a case‑by‑case basis. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, loans outstanding from manufactured home communities totaled $57,935,000 and $49,500,000, which comprised 346 and 365 loans, respectively. Our average remaining term on these loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 was approximately seven years.

We also make loans to community owners for the purpose of acquiring or developing properties and, as part of the arrangement, these community owners contract to buy homes from us. These loans typically range in term from two to five years and carry interest at 8% to 12%. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we originated loans to owners of manufactured home communities for lot development purpose with a total amount outstanding of $1,077,000.

Competition

The manufactured housing industry is highly competitive at both the manufacturing and retail levels, with competition based upon several factors, including price, product features, reputation for service and quality, depth of distribution, promotion, merchandising and the terms of retail and wholesale consumer financing. We compete with other producers of manufactured homes and new producers continue to enter the market. We also compete with companies offering for sale homes repossessed from wholesalers or consumers and we compete with new and existing site‑built homes, as well as apartments, townhouses and condominiums.

In addition to our company, there are a number of other national manufacturers competing for a significant share of the manufactured housing market in the United States, including Clayton Homes, Inc., Cavco Industries, Inc. and Skyline Champion Corporation. Certain of these competitors possess greater financial, manufacturing, distribution and marketing resources than we do. For the past 15 years, the industry has experienced a trend towards consolidation and, as a result, the bulk of the market share is controlled by a small number of companies. We are the country’s fourth largest producer of manufactured homes. Accordingly, we believe we have a significant opportunity to expand in this industry by effectively growing our market share.

Among lenders to manufactured home buyers, there are significant competitors including national, regional and local banks, independent finance companies, mortgage brokers and mortgage banks such as 21st Mortgage Corporation, an affiliate of Clayton Homes, Inc., Berkshire Hathaway, Inc., Triad Finance Corporation and CU Factory Built Lending, LP. Certain of these competitors are larger than us and have access to substantially more capital and cost efficiencies.

Protection of Proprietary Technology

We rely on a combination of copyright and trade secret laws in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions, to protect our proprietary information, technology and brands. We protect our proprietary information and technology, in part, by requiring certain of our employees to enter into agreements providing for the maintenance of confidentiality and the assignment of rights to inventions made by them

while employed by us. We also may enter into non‑disclosure and invention assignment agreements with certain of our technical consultants to protect our confidential and proprietary information and technology. We cannot assure you that our confidentiality agreements with our employees and consultants will not be breached, that we will be able to effectively enforce these agreements, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach of these agreements, or that our trade secrets and other proprietary information and technology will not be disclosed or will otherwise be protected.

Our intellectual property includes copyrights issued by the U.S. Copyright Office for many of our floor plans. We are not currently aware of any claims of infringement or other challenges to our intellectual property rights.

Government Regulation

General.  Our company operates in a regulated industry, and there are many federal, state and local laws, codes and regulations that impact our business. Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with their regulations, and violations may result in the payment of fines, the entry of injunctions or both. Although we believe that our operations are in substantial compliance with the requirements of all applicable laws and regulations, we are unable to predict the ultimate cost of compliance with all applicable laws and enforcement policies.

Federal Manufactured Homes Regulations.  Our manufactured homes are subject to a number of federal, state and local laws, codes and regulations. Construction of manufactured housing is governed by the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974, and the regulations issued under such act by HUD. The HUD regulations, known collectively as the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards, cover all aspects of manufactured home construction, including structural integrity, fire safety, wind loads, thermal protection and ventilation. Our Texas manufacturing facilities, and the plans and specifications of the HUD‑compliant homes they produce, have been approved by a HUD‑certified inspection agency. Further, an independent HUD‑certified third‑party inspector regularly reviews our manufactured homes for compliance with HUD regulations during construction. Failure to comply with applicable HUD regulations could expose us to a wide variety of sanctions, including mandated closings of our manufacturing facilities. We believe our manufactured homes are in substantial compliance with all present HUD requirements. Manufactured homes are typically built with wood products that contain formaldehyde resins. HUD regulates the allowable concentrations of formaldehyde in certain products used in manufactured homes and requires manufacturers to warn purchasers as to formaldehyde‑associated risks. The Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and other governmental agencies have in the past evaluated the effects of formaldehyde. We use materials in our manufactured homes that meet HUD standards for formaldehyde emissions and believe we comply with HUD and other applicable government regulations in this regard.

Transportation and Zoning Regulations.  The transportation of manufactured homes on highways is subject to regulation by various federal, state and local authorities. Such regulations may prescribe size and road use limitations and impose lower than normal speed limits and various other requirements. Our manufactured homes (including our tiny houses) are also subject to local zoning and housing regulations. In certain cities and counties in areas where our homes are sold, local governmental ordinances and regulations have been enacted which restrict the placement of manufactured homes on privately‑owned land or which require the placement of manufactured homes in manufactured home communities. Such ordinances and regulations may adversely affect our ability to sell homes for installation in communities where they are in effect. A number of states have adopted procedures governing the installation of manufactured homes. Utility connections are subject to state and local regulations which must be complied with by the retailer or other person installing the home.

Warranty Regulations.  Certain warranties we issue may be subject to the Magnuson‑Moss Warranty Federal Trade Commission Improvement Act, which regulates the descriptions of warranties on consumer products. For example, warranties that are subject to the act must be included in a single easy‑to‑read document that is generally made available prior to purchase. The act also prohibits certain attempts to disclaim or modify implied warranties and the use of deceptive or misleading terms. The description and substance of our warranties are also subject to a variety of state laws and regulations. A number of states require manufactured home producers to post bonds to ensure the satisfaction of consumer warranty claims.

Financial Services Regulations.  A variety of laws affect the financing of the homes we manufacture. The Federal Consumer Credit Protection Act and Regulation Z promulgated under that act require written disclosure of information relating to such financing, including the amount of the annual percentage interest rate and the finance charge. The Federal Fair Credit Reporting Act also requires certain disclosures to potential customers concerning credit information used as a basis to deny credit. The Federal Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B promulgated under that act prohibit discrimination against any credit applicant based on certain specified grounds. The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and Regulation X promulgated under that act require certain disclosures regarding the nature and costs of real estate settlements. The Federal Trade Commission has adopted or proposed various Trade Regulation Rules dealing with unfair credit and collection practices and the preservation of consumers’ claims and defenses. Installment sales contracts, direct loans and mortgage loans eligible for inclusion in a Ginnie Mae program are subject to the credit underwriting requirements of the FHA. The American Housing Rescue and Foreclosure Prevention Act provides assistance for the housing industry, including manufactured homes, including, among other things, increased loan limits for chattel (home‑only Title I) loans. Recent FHA guidelines provide Ginnie Mae the ability to securitize manufactured home FHA Title I loans to allow lenders to obtain new capital, which can then be used to fund new loans for our customers. The Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act established requirements for the licensing and registration of all individuals that are Mortgage Loan Originators (“MLOs”). Traditionally, manufactured housing retailers have assisted home buyers with securing financing for the purchase of homes, including negotiating rates and the terms for their loans. Under the act, however, these activities are prohibited unless performed by a registered or licensed MLO. A variety of state laws also regulate the form of financing documents and the allowable deposits, finance charge and fees chargeable pursuant to financing documents. Regulation C of the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, among other things, requires certain financial institutions, including non‑depository institutions, to collect, record, report and disclose information about their mortgage lending activity, which is used to identify potential discriminatory lending patterns and enforce anti‑discrimination statutes.

The Dodd‑Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was passed into law and established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) regulates consumer financial products and services. Certain CFPB mortgage finance rules apply to consumer credit transactions secured by a dwelling, including real property mortgages and chattel loans secured by manufactured homes. These rules, among other things, define standards for origination of “Qualified Mortgages,” establish specific requirements for lenders to prove borrowers’ ability to repay, outline conditions under which Qualified Mortgages are subject to safe harbor limitations on liability to borrowers and establish interest rates and other cost parameters for determining which Qualified Mortgages fall under safe harbor protection. While many manufactured homes are financed with agency‑conforming mortgages in which the ability to repay is verified, and interest rates and other costs are within the safe harbor limits, a significant amount of loans to finance the purchase of manufactured homes, particularly chattel loans and non‑conforming land‑home loans, fall outside such safe harbors. Additionally, the CFPB rules, among other things, amended the Truth‑in‑Lending Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act by expanding the types of mortgage loans that are subject to the protections of the Home Ownership and Equity Protections Act of 1994 (“HOEPA”) and imposing additional restrictions on mortgages that are covered by HOEPA. As a result, certain manufactured home loans are now subject to HOEPA limits on interest rates and fees. Loans with rates or fees in excess of the limits are deemed “High Cost Mortgages” and provide additional protections for borrowers, including with respect to determining the value of the home. Most loans for the purchase of manufactured homes have been written at rates and fees that would not appear to be considered High Cost Mortgages under these rules and while some lenders may offer loans that are deemed High Cost Mortgages, the rate and fee limits may deter some lenders from offering such loans to borrowers or be reluctant to enter into loans subject to the provisions of HOEPA. Additionally, certain CFPB rules apply to appraisals on principal residences securing higher‑priced mortgage loans. Certain loans secured by manufactured homes, primarily chattel loans, could be considered higher‑priced mortgage loans. Among other things, the rules require creditors to provide copies of appraisal reports to borrowers prior to loan closing. Compliance with the regulations may constrain lenders’ ability to profitably price certain loans or may cause lenders to incur additional costs to implement new processes, procedures, controls and infrastructure and may cause some lenders to curtail underwriting certain loans altogether. Furthermore, some investors may be reluctant to participate in owning such loans because of the uncertainty of potential litigation and other costs. As a result, some prospective buyers of manufactured homes may be unable to secure necessary financing. Failure to comply with these regulations, changes in these or other regulations, or the imposition of additional regulations, could affect our earnings, limit our access to capital and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

On May 24, 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd‑Frank Reform Act”) was signed into law. The Dodd‑Frank Reform Act revises portions of the Dodd‑Frank Act, reduces the regulatory burden on smaller financial institutions, including eliminating provisions of the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008 (“SAFE Act”), and protects consumer access to credit. With the elimination of certain provisions of the SAFE Act, manufactured housing retailers can now assist home buyers with securing financing for the purchase of homes; however, they may not assist in negotiating the financing terms. This will enable buyers to more easily find access to financing and make the overall home buying experience smoother.

On January 25, 2018, HUD announced a top‑to‑bottom review of its manufactured housing rules as part of a broader effort to identify regulations that may be ineffective, overly burdensome, or excessively costly given the critical need for affordable housing. If certain changes are made, our company may be able to more effectively serve buyers of affordable homes.

In 2017, our lead lender required an extensive review of our retail installment contract and associated procedures, which we use as part of our consumer financing solutions strategy. Based on that review, we improved certain elements of the language used in our contracts, and modified certain aspects of our practices. Although we believe there are no material compliance issues with our forms and procedures, we are subject to the federal and other regulations described above.

Seasonality

Generally, we experience higher sales volume during the months of March through October. Our sales are generally slower during the winter months, and shipments can be delayed in certain geographic market areas that we serve which experience harsh weather conditions.

Employees

As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately 800 employees. Of our employees, approximately 700 individuals are hourly employees and approximately 100 individuals are salaried employees. Our employees are currently not represented by any collective bargaining unit. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good.

 

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS.

Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.

 

 

ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

 

ITEM 2.     PROPERTIES.

Facilities

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the facilities where our company operates:

 

We own the manufacturing facilities and the land on which the facilities are located in Fort Worth, Texas and Commerce, Texas. We believe that these facilities are adequately maintained and suitable for the purposes for which they are used. We currently lease our facility in Eatonton, Georgia from the Putnam Development Authority pursuant to a lease that has been renewed until December 1, 2021. In December 2016, we entered into a payment in lieu of taxes (“PILOT”) arrangement commonly offered in Georgia by local community development programs to encourage industry development. The net effect of the PILOT arrangement is to provide us with incentives through the abatement of local, city and county property taxes and to provide financing for improvements of our Georgia plant (the “Project”). As part of the PILOT arrangement, the Putnam County Development Authority provided us with a credit facility for up to $10 million that can be drawn upon to fund Project improvements and capital expenditures as defined in the credit facility. If funds are drawn, we would pay transaction costs and debt service payments. The credit facility requires interest payments of 6.0% per annum on outstanding balances, which are due each December 1 through maturity on December 1, 2021, at which time all unpaid principal and interest are due. The credit facility is collateralized by the assets of the Project. As of December 31, 2018, we had not drawn down on this credit facility.

We currently operate 12 retail locations. Each retail location sits on approximately five to seven acres of land. We lease nine of the 12 retail locations we operate in the business, pursuant to leases expiring from 2020 to 2028. Total rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $542,000 and $340,000, respectively.

 

ITEM 3.     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

We are party to certain legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business and are incidental to our business. Certain of the claims pending against us allege, among other things, breach of contract, breach

of express and implied warranties, construction defects, deceptive trade practices, unfair insurance practices, product liability and personal injury. Although litigation is inherently uncertain, and we believe we are insured against many such instances, based on past experience and the information currently available, management does not believe that the currently pending and threatened litigation or claims will have a material adverse effect on our company’s financial position, liquidity or results of operations. However, future events or circumstances, currently unknown to management, will determine whether the resolution of pending or threatened litigation or claims will ultimately have a material effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations in any future reporting periods.

 

ITEM 4.     MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.      MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Market Information

Our common stock has traded on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “LEGH” since December 14, 2018, when we completed our IPO. Prior to that date, there was no public market for our common stock. As of March 27, 2019, there were 15 holders of record of our common stock. This does not include persons who hold our common stock in nominee or “street name” accounts through brokers or banks.

Dividends

We did not declare or pay cash dividends during 2018 or 2017. We have no plans to pay any cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future and instead plan to retain earnings, if any, for future operations, to finance the growth of the business and service debt. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

We did not sell any unregistered equity securities during the period covered by this Form 10-K. 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not purchase any of our equity securities during the period covered by this Form 10-K.

 

 

ITEM 6.      SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 7.      MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes and the information contained in other sections of this Form 10-K. It contains forward‑looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, and is based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by our management in these forward‑looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in this Form 10-K and in our Registration Statement on Form S-1, particularly under the heading “Risk Factors.”

Overview

Legacy Housing Corporation builds, sells and finances manufactured homes and “tiny houses” that are distributed through a network of independent retailers and company‑owned stores and are sold directly to manufactured housing communities. We are the fourth largest producer of manufactured homes in the United States as ranked by number of homes manufactured based on information available from the Manufactured Housing Institute and IBTS for the second quarter of 2018. With current operations focused primarily in the southern United States, we offer our customers an array of quality homes ranging in size from approximately 390 to 2,667 square feet consisting of 1 to 5

bedrooms, with 1 to 31/₂ bathrooms. Our homes range in price, at retail, from approximately $22,000 to $95,000. During 2018, we sold 3,950 home sections (which are entire homes or single floors that are combined to create complete homes) and in 2017, we sold 3,274 home sections. We commenced operations in 2005 and have experienced strong sales growth and increased our equity holders’ capital at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 28% between 2009 and 2018.

The Company has one reportable segment. All of our activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on how each of the activities of Company supports the others. For example, the sale of manufactured homes includes providing transportation and consignment arrangements with dealers. We also provide financing options to the customers to facilitate such sale of homes. In addition, the sale of homes is directly related to financing provided by us. Accordingly, all significant operating and strategic decisions by the chief operating decision‑maker, the Executive Chairman of the Board, are based upon analyses of our company as one segment or unit.

We believe our company is one of the most vertically integrated in the manufactured housing industry, allowing us to offer a complete solution to our customers, from manufacturing custom‑made homes using quality materials and distributing those homes through our expansive network of independent retailers and company‑owned distribution locations, to providing tailored financing solutions for our customers. Our homes are constructed in the United States at one of our three manufacturing facilities in accordance with the construction and safety standards of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”). Our factories employ high‑volume production techniques that allow us to produce, on average, approximately 75 home sections, or 62 fully‑completed homes depending on product mix, in total per week. We use quality materials and operate our own component manufacturing facilities for many of the items used in the construction of our homes. Each home can be configured according to a variety of floor plans and equipped with such features as fireplaces, central air conditioning and state‑of‑the‑art kitchens.

Our homes are marketed under our premier “Legacy” brand name and currently are sold primarily across 15 states through a network of 114 independent retail locations, 12 company‑owned retail locations and through direct sales to owners of manufactured home communities. Our 12 company‑owned retail locations, including ten Heritage Housing stores and two Tiny House Outlet stores exclusively sell our homes. During 2018, approximately 56% of our manufactured homes were sold in Texas, followed by 13% in Georgia, 11% in Louisiana, and 4% in Oklahoma. During 2017, 62% of our manufactured homes were sold in Texas, followed by 8% in Georgia, 8% in Colorado, 5% in Oklahoma, and 4% in Louisiana. We plan to deepen our distribution channel by using a portion of the net proceeds from the IPO to expand our company‑owned retail locations in new and existing markets.

We offer three types of financing solutions to our customers. We provide floor plan financing for our independent retailers, which takes the form of a consignment arrangement between the retailer and us. We also provide consumer financing for our products which are sold to end‑users through both independent and company‑owned retail locations, and we provide financing solutions to manufactured housing community owners that buy our products for use in their manufactured housing communities. Our ability to offer competitive financing options at our retail locations provides us with several competitive advantages and allows us to capture sales which may not have otherwise occurred without our ability to offer consumer financing.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe that the growth of our business and our future success depend on various opportunities, challenges, trends and other factors, including the following:

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Management believes the following accounting policies are critical to our operating results or may affect significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

Allowance for Loan Losses—Consumer Loan Receivable

The allowance for loan losses reflects management’s estimate of losses inherent in the consumer loans that may be uncollectible based upon review and evaluation of the consumer loan portfolio as of the date of the balance sheet. A reserve is calculated after giving consideration to, among other things, the loan characteristics, including the financial condition of borrowers, the value and liquidity of collateral, delinquency and historical loss experience.

The allowance for loan losses is comprised of two components: the general reserve and specific reserves. Our calculation of the general reserve considers the historical loss rate for the last three years, adjusted for the estimated loss discovery period and any qualitative factors both internal and external to our company. Specific reserves are determined based on probable losses on specific classified impaired loans.

Our policy is to place a loan on nonaccrual status when there is a clear indication that the borrower’s cash flow may not be sufficient to meet payments as they become due, which is normally when either principal or interest is past due and remains unpaid for more than 90 days. Management implemented this policy based on an analysis of historical data and performance of loans and the likelihood of recovery once principal or interest payments became delinquent and were aged more than 90 days. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are accounted for on a cash basis, first to interest and then to principal, as long as the remaining book balance of the asset is deemed to be collectible. The accrual of interest resumes when the past due principal or interest payments are brought within 90 days of being current.

Impaired loans are those loans where it is probable we will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged-off when deemed uncollectible. A loan is generally deemed impaired if it is  more than 90 days past due on principal or interest, is in bankruptcy proceedings, or is in the process of repossession. A specific reserve is created for impaired loans based on fair value of underlying collateral value, less estimated selling

costs. We used certain factors to determine to the value of the underlying collateral for impaired loans. These factors were: (1) the length of time the unit was unsold after construction; (2) the amount of time the house was occupied; (3) the cooperation level of the borrowers, i.e., loans requiring legal action or extensive field collection efforts will reduce the value; (4) units located on private property present additional value loss because it tends to be more expensive to remove units from private property as opposed to a manufactured home park; (5) the length of time the borrower has lived in the house without making payments; (6) location and size, including market conditions; and (7) the experience and expertise of the particular dealer assisting in collection efforts.

Collateral for repossessed loans is acquired through foreclosure or similar proceedings and is recorded at the estimated fair value of the home, less the costs to sell. At repossession, the fair value of the collateral is computed based on the historical recovery rates of previously charged‑off loans; the loan is charged off and the loss is charged to the allowance for loan losses. At each reporting period, the fair value of the collateral is adjusted to the lower of the amount recorded at repossession or the estimated sales price less estimated costs to sell, based on current information.

Allowance for Loan Losses—MHP Notes

MHP Notes are stated at amounts due from customers net of allowance for loan losses.  We determine the allowance by considering several factors including the aging of the past due balance, the customer’s payment history, and our previous loss history.  We establish an allowance reserve composed of specific and general reserve amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible. Historically we have not experienced any losses on the MHP Notes.

Inventories

Inventories consist of raw materials, work‑in‑process, and finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Raw materials cost approximates the first‑in first‑out method. Finished goods and work‑in‑process are based on a standard cost system that approximates actual costs using the specific identification method.

Estimates of the lower of cost and net realizable value of inventory are determined by comparing the actual cost of the product to the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business based on current market and economic conditions, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation of the inventory.

We evaluate inventory based on historical experience to estimate our inventory not expected to be sold in less than a year. We classify our inventory not expected to be sold in one year as non‑current.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is calculated using the straight‑line method over the estimated useful lives of each asset. Estimated useful lives for significant classes of assets are as follows: buildings and improvements, 30 to 39 years; vehicles, 5 years; machinery and equipment, 7 years; and furniture and fixtures, 7 years. Repair and maintenance charges are expensed as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals or betterments which extend the useful lives of existing property, plant, and equipment are capitalized and depreciated. We periodically evaluate the carrying value of long‑lived assets to be held and used and when events and circumstances warrant such a review. The carrying value of long‑lived assets is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such assets is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long‑lived assets. Fair value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long‑lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, except that the fair values are based primarily on independent appraisals and preliminary or definitive contractual arrangements less costs to dispose.

Revenue Recognition

Direct Sales

Revenue from homes sold to independent retailers that are not financed and not under a consignment arrangement are generally recognized upon execution of a sales contract and when the home is shipped, at which time title passes to the independent retailer and collectability is reasonably assured. These types of homes are generally either paid for prior to shipment or floor plan financed through a third party lender by the independent retailer through standard industry arrangements, which can include repurchase agreements.

Commercial Sales

Revenue from homes sold to mobile home parks under commercial loan programs involving funds provided by our company is recognized when the home is shipped, at which time title passes to the customer and a sales and financing contract is executed, down payment received, and collectability is reasonably assured.

Consignment Sales

We provide floor plan financing for independent retailers, which takes the form of a consignment arrangement. Sales under a consignment agreement are recognized as revenue when we enter into a sales contract and receive full payment for cash sales, and title passes; or, upon execution of a sales and financing contract, with a down payment received from and upon delivery of the home to the final individual customer, at which time title passes and collectability is reasonably assured. For homes sold to customers through independent retailers under consignment arrangements and financed by us, a percentage of profit is paid to the independent retailer up front as a commission for sale and also reimburses certain direct expenses incurred by the independent retailer for each transaction. Such payments are recorded as cost of product sales in our statement of operations.

Retail Store Sales

Revenue from direct retail sales through company‑owned retail locations are generally recognized when the customer has entered into a legally binding sales contract, and payment received, the home is delivered at the customer’s site, title has transferred, and collection is reasonably assured. Retail sales financed by us are recognized as revenue upon the execution of a sales and financing contract with a down payment received and upon delivery of the home to the final customer, at which time title passes and collectability is reasonably assured.

Revenue is recognized net of sales taxes.

Product Warranties

We provide retail home buyers with a one‑year warranty from the date of purchase on manufactured inventory. Product warranty costs are accrued when the covered homes are sold to customers. Product warranty expense is recognized based on the terms of the product warranty and the related estimated costs. Factors used to determine the warranty liability include the number of homes under warranty and the historical costs incurred in servicing the warranties. The accrued warranty liability is reduced as costs are incurred and warranty liability balance is included as part of accrued liabilities in our balance sheet.

Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information set forth in the financial statements and the accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Comparison of Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands)

 

We were a partnership in 2017 and, therefore a pass‑through entity with respect to taxes. However, the pro forma tax provision for 2017 reflects pro forma income tax expense of $9.4 million and pro forma net income of $16.9 million as if we had been taxed as a corporation in 2017. 

Product sales primarily consist of direct sales, commercial sales, consignment sales and retail store sales. Product sales increased $29.4 million, or 26.8%, in 2018 as compared to 2017.  This change was driven by a 17.0% increase in volume of homes sold, as well as a series of price increases. Direct sales, including sales as a subcontractor operating under a contract with FEMA to provide housing for victims of Hurricane Harvey, increased $15.0 million to $33.6 million in 2018 from $18.6 million in 2017. Commercial sales increased $10.0 million to $33.1 million in 2018 from $23.1 million in 2017. Likewise, our company‑owned retail stores sales increased $2.8 million to $13.2 million in 2018 from $10.4 million in 2017.  The remaining increase of $1.6 million is primarily related to sales of used product and miscellaneous parts.

Net revenue attributable to our factory‑built housing consisted of the following in 2018 and 2017:

 

In 2018, our net revenue per product sold increased in part because of increased sales to manufactured home communities and increased sales through our company‑owned stores, all of which carry higher margins. In addition, there were multiple price increases to our product prices due to rising material and labor costs, which resulted in higher

home sales prices and more revenue generated per home sold. Additionally, sales and production volumes increased, driven by greater demand for our products.

Consumer and MHP loans interest income grew $3.1 million, or 19.9%, in 2018 as compared to 2017 and is related to our increase in outstanding MHP Note portfolio and consumer loan portfolio. Between December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 our consumer loan portfolio increased by $10.5 million and the MHP Note portfolio increased by $8.4 million, primarily as a result of our increase in products sold during 2018.  In addition, other revenue increased $0.6 million and is primarily related to a  $0.4 million increase in consignment fees and a  $0.2 increase in other miscellaneous income.

The cost of product sales increased $24.7 million, or 30.0%, in 2018 as compared to 2017.  These additional costs were primarily related to the production of a greater volume of homes in 2018, increased material costs and the continued and expanded operations of our company‑owned stores.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $3.9 million, or 22.9%, in 2018 as compared to 2017.  This increase was primarily due to increased operations of our company‑owned retail lots, the opening of a corporate office in Bedford, Texas and a sales office in Norcross, Georgia and non-capitalizable costs related to our IPO. In addition, dealer incentive expense decreased $0.2 million, or 20.1% in 2018 as compared to 2017. This decrease was the result of our decline in consignment sales. 

Other income (expense), net was a loss of $2.2 million in 2018, as compared to a loss of $1.6 million in 2017.  This additional expense was primarily due to an increase in interest rates and an increase of $8.7 million in our average borrowings outstanding on our lines of credit prior to the completion of our IPO. Following the completion of our IPO, we paid off over $40.0 million borrowed aginst our lines of credit.

Income tax expense for 2018 was $9.1 million compared to $0.1 million for 2017. This increase in tax expense was primarily due to a structural change of our tax status from a partnership to a subchapter C corporation subject to federal income tax. The change in tax status required the recognition of a deferred tax liability between the historical cost basis and tax basis of our assets and liabilities. The resulting net deferred tax liability was recorded as a one‑time income tax expense of $2.1 million. Our effective tax rate was 29.8% for the year ended December 31, 2018. The effective tax rate, before the net impact of discrete items relating to net deferred tax expense associated with the corporate reorganization, was 23.1% and differs from the statutory rate of 21% due to state income taxes and other permanent differences between book and tax accounting.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all cash and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We maintain cash balances in bank accounts that may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. We have not incurred any losses from such accounts and management considers the risk of loss to be minimal. We believe that cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2018, together with cash flow from operations and the proceeds from the IPO, will be sufficient to fund our operations and provide for growth for the next 12 to 18 months and into the foreseeable future. As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately $2.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $0.4 million as of December 31, 2017. Subsequent to December 31, 2018, we recived gross proceeds of $7.2 million from the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares to cover over-allotments in connection with the IPO.

Cash Flow Activities

 

Comparison of Cash Flow Activities from 2018 to 2017

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $1.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily as a result of cash generated by operating income before non-cash adjustments, an increase in net working capital used for additional loan originations associated with higher demand for home sales to MHPs, an increase in inventory purchases and a decrease in operating cash flow attributed to net cash used for operating liabilities. The decrease in operating cash flows described above was offset by cash collections on accounts receivable and an increase in accrued liabilities including increases in income taxes payable due to the incorporation of the company.

Net cash used in investing activities of $ 4.5 million in 2018 was primarily attributable to $5.1 million used for the acquisition of land for development, $1.4 million used to purchase consumer loans and $1.2 million used for loans to third parties for the development of manufactured housing parks. In addition, we had capital expenditures of $0.8 million for machinery and equipment and $0.2 million for building and leasehold improvements. These were offset by collections of $4.1 million of loans we made to third parties for the development of manufactured housing parks and collections of $0.2 million from our purchased consumer loans.  

Net cash provided by financing activities of $3.8 million in 2018 was primarily attributable to proceeds of $43.5 million from the issuance of our common stock offset by net payments of $39.4 million on our lines of credit. In addition, the January 2018 change in our structure from a partnership to a corporation eliminated partner distributions and we paid off an affiliate note payable of $1.5 million in October 2018. 

Indebtedness

Capital One Revolver.  We have a revolving line of credit (“Revolver 1”) with Capital One, N.A. with a maximum credit limit of $45,000,000 as of December 31, 2018.  On May 12, 2017, Revolver 1 was amended to extend the maturity date to May 11, 2020 and increase the maximum borrowing availability under Revolver 1 to $45,000,000. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017,  Revolver 1 accrued interest at one month LIBOR plus 2.40%. The interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 were 4.78% and 3.78%, respectively. Amounts available under Revolver 1 are subject to a formula based on eligible consumer loans and MHP Notes and are secured by all accounts receivable and a percentage of the consumer loans receivable and MHP Notes.  The amount of available credit under Revolver 1 was $41,321,000 and $6,906,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, interest expense was $1,701,000 and $1,223,000, respectively. The outstanding balance as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $3,679,000 and $38,094,000, respectively. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2018, including that we maintain a tangible net worth of at least $90,000,000 and that we maintain a ratio of debt to EBITDA of 4‑to‑1, or less.

Veritex Community Bank Revolver.  In April 2016, we entered into an agreement with Veritex Community Bank to secure an additional revolving line of credit of $15,000,000 (“Revolver 2”). Revolver 2 accrues interest at one month LIBOR plus 2.50% and all unpaid principal and interest is due at maturity on April 4, 2021. Revolver 2 is secured by all finished goods inventory excluding repossessed homes. Amounts available under Revolver 2 are subject

to a formula based on eligible inventory. The interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 was 4.85% and 3.87%, respectively. On May 12, 2017, we entered into an agreement to increase the maximum borrowing availability under Revolver 2 to $20,000,000. On October 15, 2018, Revolver 2 was amended to extend the maturity date from April 4, 2019 to April 4, 2021. The amount of available credit under Revolver 2 was $10,000,000 and $5,000,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, interest expense was $700,000 and 527,000, respectively. The outstanding balance as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $10,000,000 and $15,000,000, respectively. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2018, including that we maintain a tangible net worth of at least $80,000,000.

Notes Payable.  We  have a promissory note with Woodhaven Bank. The amount due under the promissory note accrued interest at an annual rate of 3.85% through February 2, 2017 and then at the prime interest rate plus 0.60% through maturity on April 7, 2018. The loan was subsequently renewed through April 7, 2033. The promissory note calls for monthly principal and interest payments of $30,000 with a final payment due at maturity. The interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 were 4.25% and 4.35%, respectively. The note is secured by certain of our real property. Interest paid on the note payable was $159,000 and $166,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The balance outstanding on the note payable at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $3,552,000 and $3,734,000, respectively.

On May 24, 2016, we signed a promissory note for $515,000 with Eagle One, LLC collateralized by the purchase of real property located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The amount due under the promissory note accrues interest at an annual rate of 6.00%. The promissory note calls for monthly principal and interest payments of $6,000 until June 1, 2026. Interest paid on the note payable was $26,000 and $28,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The balance outstanding on the note payable at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $414,000 and $453,000, respectively. In January 2019, this note was paid in full.

Notes Payable to an Affiliate.  On February 2, 2016, we entered into a $1,500,000 note payable agreement with stated annual interest rates of 3.75% with Shipley & Sons, Ltd., a related party through the common ownership of Kenneth E. Shipley, a significant shareholder of our company and our President and Chief Executive Officer. The note was due on demand. Interest paid on the note payable was $47,000 and $56,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The balance outstanding on the note payable at December 31, 2017 was $1,500,000. On October 18, 2018, this note payable was paid in full.

PILOT Agreement.  In December 2016, we entered into a Payment in Lieu of Taxes (“PILOT”) agreement commonly offered in Georgia by local community development programs to encourage industry development. The net effect of the PILOT agreement is to provide us with incentives through the abatement of local, city and county property taxes and to provide financing for improvements to our Georgia plant (the “Project”).  In connection with the PILOT agreement, the Putman County Development Authority provides a credit facility for up to $10,000,000, which can be drawn upon to fund Project improvements and capital expenditures as defined in the agreement.  If funds are drawn, we would pay transactions costs and debt service payments. The PILOT agreement requires interest payments of 6.00% per annum on outstanding balances, which are due each December 1 through maturity on December 1, 2021, at which time all unpaid principal and interest are due. The PILOT agreement is collateralized by the assets of the Project.  As of December 31, 2018, we had not drawn down on this credit facility.

Contractual Obligations

The following table is a summary of contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2018:

 

Off‑Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off‑balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, net sales, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures. However, we do have a  repurchase agreement with a  financial institution providing inventory financing for independent retailers of our products. Under this agreement, we have agreed to repurchase homes at declining prices over the term of the agreement (24 months). Our obligation under this repurchase agreement ceases upon the purchase of the home by the retail customer. The maximum amount of our contingent obligations under such repurchase agreements was approximately $2,186,000 and $1,765,000 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, without reduction for the resale value of the homes. We may be required to honor contingent repurchase obligations in the future and may incur additional expense as a consequence of these repurchase agreements. We consider our obligations on current contracts to be immaterial and accordingly we have not recorded any reserve for repurchase commitment as of December 31, 2018.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information regarding recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our December 31, 2018 financial statements included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form-10K.

 

Emerging Growth Company Status

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act.  Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of these exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company or until we affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of this exemption.

ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 8.      FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Legacy Housing Corporation

Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Legacy Housing Corporation (a Delaware corporation) (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.

Dallas, Texas

April 9, 2019

LEGACY HOUSING CORPORATION

BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except share data)

 

See accompanying notes to financial statements

LEGACY HOUSING CORPORATION

StatementS of Operations (in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

LEGACY HOUSING CORPORATION

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share data)

 

See accompanying notes to financial statements

LEGACY HOUSING CORPORATION

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands)

 

See accompanying notes to financial statements